Researchers at the University of Queensland have discovered a mechanism in DNA that regulates how disease-causing mutations are inherited.
Dr Anne Hahn and Associate Professor Steven Zuryn from UQ’s Queensland Brain Institute said the findings could provide a promising therapeutic avenue to halt the onset of inherited and age-related diseases.
“Mitochondrial DNA is essential for cell function,” said Dr. Hahn.
“But as we age, it mutates and contributes to diseases like dementia, cancer and diabetes.
“Our team identified two enzymes that regulate a chemical modification (adenine methylation or 6mA) in mitochondrial DNA in several species, including humans.”
“Removal of this modification leads to uncontrolled accumulation and inheritance of DNA mutations,” Dr. Hahn explained.
“Our study shows that modifying 6mA controls these mutations, suggesting that increasing 6mA levels could slow disease progression.”
The concept of epigenetics is an evolving field of research that reveals how environmental factors, such as childhood experiences, can influence gene expression.
This challenges the long-held belief that DNA mutations inevitably lead to disease.
Dr. Hahn said the study bridges the gap between genetics and epigenetics.
“This demonstrates how this epigenetic mark protects against disease-causing mutations and ensures the continuity of healthy cells,” he said.
Dr Zuryn said epigenetic modification was not only essential for individual health but also to safeguard the genetic integrity of future generations.
“Our discovery was largely made in the model organism C. elegans and in cells grown in a laboratory,” he said.
“The team is now exploring whether similar mechanisms exist in humans and how they might influence the development of diseases.
“This research has broad implications and offers a novel perspective on genetic and epigenetic factors in health and disease.”