Type 2 Diabetes Increases Risk of Heart Disease: Study Finds
A third of people with diabetes have higher levels of two biomarkers in their blood linked to heart disease. The study has found that “these biomarkers can be detected before someone has symptoms of heart disease,” thus making it possible to screen people with higher risk, so they receive required prevention efforts and treatment at the right time. Additionally, the study led by Elizabeth Selvin, PhD, MPH, a professor of epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore, suggests that high cardiovascular risk and its prevention is essential for people with diabetes. Furthermore, traditional prevention strategies for higher cholesterol levels do not apply in this case; thus, the diagnosis must be more critical.
Cardiovascular disease accounts for 40% of hospitalizations and 30% of deaths in people with type 2 diabetes, so it’s important to identify those at risk before symptoms occur. Therefore, using biomarker results to tailor management for individuals would be powerful and impactful. It may be possible to take a blood sample from people with type 2 diabetes to test for both of these things: a biomarker protein called high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-troponin) and the other, called N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). These biomarkers can help prioritize who gets treated with a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SLGT2) inhibitor.
The study found 33% of people with type 2 diabetes had higher levels of one of these biomarkers, compared to 16% of people without diabetes, in a large and diverse population. Thus, treatment of hypertension and interventions targeting microvascular or small vessel health may be beneficial in people with diabetes, as per Selvin. These biomarkers could play a vital role in predicting or preventing adverse cardiac events in diabetes.
Additional Piece
People all around the world are prone to cardiovascular diseases, which are often debilitating diseases that can lead to permanent disability and death. One of the most common reasons for such diseases is diabetes, especially patients with type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, elevated blood glucose levels are related to an increased risk of developing heart disease or stroke. The most challenging part is that these detrimental effects of diabetes can be seen at any age, from young adults to the elderly.
The biological connection between these two distinct, complex disorders has been established through the following studies:
– Cardiovascular disease is 2-4 times more common in people with diabetes than those without diabetes.
– Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, and kidney disease is a significant contributor to premature death among people with diabetes.
– Over 80% of people with type 2 diabetes are either overweight or obese, a condition that raises the risk of diabetes related cardiovascular disease.
These studies highlight the importance of not only early detection but also adopting a healthy lifestyle. A healthy diet, a regular exercise routine, not smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight would help lower the risk of developing heart disease or stroke in people with diabetes. Additionally, regular health check-ups are crucial to detect any heart-related problems early on and prevent long-term complications.
Recent advancements in medical technology have allowed for new diagnostic tools and treatments to help combat the dire effects related to diabetes. One such treatment gaining widespread attention is a new class of drugs, SGLT2 inhibitors, which lowers blood sugar levels while also reducing the risk of death from cardiovascular causes and preventing worsening kidney disease. Thus, research into promising new treatments such as these is essential to get ahead of the severe risks for people with diabetes.
Ultimately, scientists have made significant progress in understanding the connection between diabetes and heart disease. Hopefully, this information can inspire individuals to better manage their diabetes, paving the way for healthier living and reducing the risk of heart disease or similar problems. This understanding of the link between cardiovascular disease and diabetes provides hope for a brighter future, where patients can live fuller, healthier lives.
Summary:
Type 2 diabetes can increase the risk of heart disease. Researchers have found that a third of people with type 2 diabetes have higher levels of two biomarkers in their blood linked to heart disease that can be detected before symptoms occur. Traditional prevention strategies for higher cholesterol levels do not apply in this case; thus, the diagnosis must be more critical. Cardiovascular disease accounts for 40% of hospitalizations and 30% of deaths in people with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, using biomarker results to tailor management to individuals would be powerful and impactful.
A healthy diet, maintenance of a healthy weight, regular health check-ups, and adopting a healthy lifestyle are ways to lower the risk of developing heart disease or stroke in people with diabetes. Recent advancements in medical technology have allowed for new diagnostic tools and treatments, such as SGLT2 inhibitors, to help reduce the risk of death from cardiovascular causes and prevent worsening kidney disease. This understanding of the link between cardiovascular disease and diabetes provides hope for a brighter future, where patients can live fuller, healthier lives.
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May 31, 2023 – If you have type 2 diabetes, you could already be at increased risk of heart disease without knowing it. About a third of people with diabetes in a new study had higher levels of two things in their blood linked to heart disease.
These blood “biomarkers” can be detected before someone has symptoms of heart disease. Therefore, they could be used to screen people for increased risk earlier, at a time when prevention efforts or treatment might be most effective, the researchers said.
“People with diabetes should be aware that they are at high cardiovascular risk and should work with their physicians to develop a treatment plan that can prevent future occurrence of cardiovascular events,” said study lead author Elizabeth Selvin, PhD, MPH, a professor of epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore.
Historically, bad cholesterol has been blamed for an increased risk of heart disease in people with type 2 diabetes. This study proposes that something else is going on and that other types of treatments beyond those that lower cholesterol should be considered.
“Our results suggest that treatment of hypertension and interventions targeting microvascular or small vessel health may be particularly beneficial in people with diabetes,” Selvin said.
heart under stress
Selvin, principal investigator Michael Fang, PhD, MHS, and colleagues looked at two specific biomarkers. They found that 33% of people with type 2 diabetes had higher blood levels of one or the other, compared to just 16% of people without diabetes.
He study was posted online today in the Journal of the American Heart Association.
A biomarker protein, called high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-troponin), indicates damage to the heart. The other, called N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), suggests that pressure is building up in the heart enough to stress or stretch the heart wall.
Cardiovascular disease is linked to 40% of hospitalizations and 30% of deaths among people with type 2 diabetes, so it’s important to identify those at risk before symptoms begin. An estimated 27 million American adults have type 2 diabetes.
Large and diverse population
Both of these biomarkers have been studied before, but primarily in middle-aged or older white adults.
They are mainly measured in hospitals to assess people with chest pain and/or shortness of breath. They’re not typically used to identify heart disease, but emerging data like this study suggests they may have a role in preventing or predicting risk, said Vijay Nambi, MD, a cardiologist at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston.
This current study analyzed pooled blood samples from a more diverse and nationally representative group of 10,304 adults aged 20 years and older. For example, those with type 2 diabetes were 60% non-Hispanic white, 15% non-Hispanic black, 9% Mexican American, and 16% were of another race or ethnicity.
People in the study reported that they did not have heart disease when they entered the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) project between 1999 and 2004. Return to stored blood samples from about 2 years ago decades allowed Selvin and his colleagues to track deaths from heart disease or any other disease. cause in the National Death Index until the end of 2019.
key results
A higher proportion of people with diabetes had higher hs-troponin levels: 19% versus 5% of people without diabetes. More muscle disease and frailty among people with diabetes could explain this difference, the researchers noted.
The researchers also found that the risk of heart disease was highest among people who had diabetes the longest and those whose blood sugar was least controlled.
The other biomarker, NT-proBNP, was not significantly higher in the diabetes group. But those with diabetes and one or both biomarkers were more likely to die from diabetes or from any cause. For example, the risk of cardiovascular death was 54% higher with elevated hs-troponin levels and 2.5 times more likely with elevated NT-proBNP blood levels among adults with type 2 diabetes. cause was 77% higher with hs troponin and 78% higher with NT-proBNP in this population.
The increased risk remained even after the researchers controlled for other cardiovascular risk factors.
The risk of death was also higher among those 45 to 64 years old, compared with those 65 years and older.
“These strategies need to be formally tested, but these biomarkers have consistently shown that they can identify people most at risk. Therefore, in general, one should start to seriously consider the use of these biomarkers on a routine basis,” said Nambi.
Cardiac risk detection
Selvin and his colleagues not only identified the things that posed the greatest risk, but suggested what could be done about it.
“Our findings support the potential use of these cardiac biomarkers for routine risk monitoring, especially in high-risk populations where we could use them to help tailor cardiovascular therapy,” Selvin said.
Using biomarker results to tailor management to an individual “would be even more powerful and impactful,” Nambi agreed.
Taking a blood sample from people with type 2 diabetes to test for both of these things could help prioritize who gets treated with a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SLGT2) inhibitor, Selvin said. Drugs in the SLGT2 class include canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin. The results could also guide treatment with a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. GLP-1 drugs such as semaglutide (Ozempic) and liraglutide (Victoza 3-Pak) have received a lot of attention recently for their weight loss potential.
More research is needed, Selvin said.
“We need to understand how best to use cardiac biomarkers in routine practice to improve the lives of people with diabetes and others who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease,” he said. “Intervention studies and clinical trials could be particularly useful in informing best practice in this area.”
https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/news/20230531/about-1-in-3-with-diabetes-have-unknown-heart-risk-study?src=RSS_PUBLIC
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